propagation factor การใช้

The propagation factor accounts for the effects of multipath and shadowing and depends on the details of the environment.
The Bloch wave expansions are chosen since any field solution within an infinite periodic volume must have the same periodicity as the medium itself, or stated another way, the fields in neighboring cells must be identical up to a ( real or complex ) propagation factor.
The Bloch wave expansions in equations ( 2.1 ) are nothing more than exponential Fourier series multiplied by the cell-to-cell propagation factor : e ^ { j ( \ alpha _ 0 x + \ beta _ 0 y + \ gamma _ 0 z ) }.